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LITERATURE CITED

Alexander, G. R., and E. A. Hansen. 1983. Sand sediment in a Michigan trout stream Part II. effects of reducing sand bedload on a trout population. No. Am. J. Fish. Manage. 6: 365-372.

Alexander, G. R., and E. A. Hansen. 1986. Sand bed load in a brook trout stream. No. Am. J. Fish. Manage. 6:9-23.

Allen, E.O. 1968. Range use, foods, condition, and productivity of white-tailed deer in Montana. J. Wildl. Manage. 32:130-141.

Ames, C. R. 1977. Wildlife conflicts in riparian management: grazing. Pages 49-51 in Importance, preservation and management of riparian habitat: a symposium. U.S. For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-43.

Andrews, E. D. 1982. Bank stability and channel width adjustment, East Fork River, Wyoming. Water Resour. Res. 18:1184-1192.

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Armour, C. L. 1977. Effects of deteriorating range streams on trout. U.S. Bur. Land Manage., Boise, Idaho. 7pp.

Armour, R. P., D.A. Duff, and W. Elmore. 1990. The effects of livestock grazing on riparian and stream ecosystems. Fisheries. 16:7-11.

Auer, M. T., and N. A. Auer. 1990. Chemical suitability of substrates for walleye egg development in the lower Fox River, Wisconsin. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 119:871-876.

Austin, D. D., and P. J. Urness. 1986. Effects of cattle grazing on mule deer diet and area selection. J. Range Manage. 39:18-21.

Austin, D. D., P. J. Urness and L. C. Fierro. 1983. Spring livestock grazing affects crested wheatgrass regrowth and winter use by mule deer. J. Range Manage. 36:589-593.

Barrett, H. 1984. Rangeland erosion: a question of measurement. Pages 75-77 in T. E. Bedell, ed. Proceedings 1984 Pacific Northwest Range Management Short Course - Range Watersheds, Riparian Zones and Economics: Interrelationships in Management and Use. Oreg. State Univ. 98pp.

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Bedell, T. E. 1984. Livestock grazing and the riparian zone. Pages 60-66 in T. E. Bedell, ed. Proc. 1984 Pacific Northwest Range Management Short Course - Range Watersheds, Riparian Zones and Economics: Interrelationships in Management and Use. Oreg. State Univ. 98pp.

Behnke, R.J. 1979. Impact of livestock grazing on stream fisheries: problems and solutions. Pages 170-173 in: J. Menke, ed. A Symposium on Livestock Interactions with Wildlife, Fisheries and their Environments, Sparks, Nev., May 1977. U.S. For. Serv. Pacific Southwest. For. Range Exp. Sta., Berkeley, Cali. Special Publication 3301.

Berg, B. P. and R. J. Hudson. 1982. Elk, mule deer, and cattle: functional interactions on foothills range in southwestern Alberta. Pages 509-519 in J. M. Peek and P. D. Dalke, eds. Proc. Wildlife-Livestock Relationships Symposium. Univ. Idaho. U.S. For. Serv., For. Wildl. and Range Exp. Sta., Moscow. 614pp.

Blackburn, W. H., R. W. Knight, and M. K. Wood. 1982. Impact of grazing on watersheds: a state of knowledge. Texas Agricultural Station, Texas A & M Univ. College Station. 30pp.

Bohn, C. C., and J. C. Buckhouse. 1985a. Coliform organisms as an indicator of water quality in wildland streams. J. Soil Water Conserv. 40:95-97.

Bohn, C. C., and J. C. Buckhouse. 1985b. Some responses of riparian soils to grazing management in northeast Oregon. J. Range Manage. 38:378-382.

Bohn, C. C., and J. C. Buckhouse. 1986. Effects of grazing management on streambanks. Trans. No. Am. Wildl. Nat. Resour. Conf. 51:265-271.

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Bowyer, R. T., and V. C. Bleich. 1984. Effects of cattle grazing on selected habitats of southern mule deer. Calif. Fish Game 70:240-247.

Branson, F. A., and J. B. Owen. 1970. Plant cover, And sediment yield relationships on Mancos shale in western Colorado. Water Resource. Res. 6:783-790.

Bryant, F. C., F. S. Guthery, and W. M. Webb. 1982. Grazing management in Texas and its impact on selected wildlife. Pages 94-112 in J. M. Peek and P. D. Dalke, eds. Proc. Wildlife-Livestock Relationships Symposium. Univ. Idaho. U.S. For. Serv., For. Wildl. Range Exp. Sta., Moscow. 614pp.

Bryant, L. D. 1982. Responses of livestock to riparian zone exclusion. J. Range Manage. 35:780-785.

Buckhouse, J. C. 1984a. Infiltration and erosion: identifying potential hazards in the rangelands of Oregon. Pages 31-34 in T. E. Bedell, ed. Proc. 1984 Pacific Northwest Range Management Short Course - Range Watersheds, Riparian Zones and Economics: Interrelationships in Management and Use. Oreg. State Univ. 98pp.

Buckhouse, J. C. 1984b. Riparian shrubby vegetation protection against herbivore browsing. Water Resources Research Institute, WRRI-94. Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. 8pp.

Buckhouse, J. C., and G. F. Gifford. 1976. Water quality implications of cattle grazing on a semiarid watershed in southeastern Utah. J. Range Manage. 29:109-113.

Buckhouse, J. C., R. W. Knight, and J. M. Skovlin. 1977. Some erosional and water quality responses to selected animal grazing in northeastern Oregon. Oregon Acad. Sci. 15:13-22.

Buckhouse, J. C., J. M. Skovlin, and R. W. Knight. 1981. Streambank erosion and ungulate grazing relationships. J. Range Manage. 34:339-340.

Campbell, R. B., and C. J. Knowles. 1978. Elk - hunter - livestock interactions in the Missouri River Breaks. Job Final Report. Federal Aid Project W-130-R-9, Jobl-65. Montana Dept. Fish and Game, Helena. 153pp.

Chesters, G. and L. Schierow. 1985. A primer on nonpoint pollution. J. Soil Water Cons. 40:9-13.

Claire, E. W., and R. L. Storh. 1977. Streamside management and livestock grazing in the Blue Mountains of Oregon: A case study. Pages 111-128 in Proc. Workshop on Livestock and Wildlife-Fisheries Relationships in the Great Basin. [Sparks, Nev., May 3-5, 1975] Special Publication 3301.

Clark, T. W., and M. R. Stromberg. 1987. Mammals in Wyoming. University Press of Kansas, Lawrence. 314pp.

Clark, R. 1980. Erosion conditions classification system. U.S. Bur. Land Manage. Tech. Note 346.

Clary, W. P., and D. M. Beale. 1983. Pronghorn reactions to winter sheep grazing, plant communities, and topography in the Great Basin. J. Range Manage. 36:749-752.

Clary, W. P., and R. C. Holmgren. 1982. Observations of pronghorn distribution in relation to sheep grazing on the desert experimental range. Pages 581-592 in J. M. Peek and P. D. Dalke, eds. Proc. Wildlife- Livestock Relationships Symposium. Univ. Idaho. U.S. For. Serv., For. Wildl. Range Exp. Sta., Moscow. 614pp.

Clary, W. P. and B. F. Webster. 1989. Managing grazing of riparian areas in the intermountain region. U.S. For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-263. 12pp.

Clifton, C. 1989. Effects of vegetation and land use on channel morphology. Pages 121-129 in Practical approaches to riparian resource management, An educational workshop. U.S. Bur. Land. Manage. Billings, MT. 193pp.

Cole, R. A., M. Parker, F. Payne, and D. L. Weigmann. 1986. Modeling impacts of grazing animals on nutrient mobilization into small reservoirs. Technical completion report. Project No. 1-3-45623. USDI office of water research and technology. New Mexico Water Resource Research Institute, New Mexico State Univ., Las Cruces.

Collins, W. B., and P. J. Urness. 1983. Feeding behavior and habitat selection of mule deer and elk on northern Utah summer range. J. Wildl. Manage. 47:646-663.

Collins, W. B., and P. J. Urness, and D. D. Austin. 1978. Elk diets and activities on different lodgepole pine habitat segments. J. Wildl. Manage. 42:799-810.

Cooperrider, A. T. 1982. Forage allocation for elk and cattle. Pages 142-149 in T. L. Britt and D. P. Theobald, eds. Proc. of the Western States Elk Workshop.

Cordone, A. J. and D. W. Kelley. 1961. The influences of inorganic sediment on the aquatic life of streams. Calif. Fish Game 47:189-228.

Cowardin, L.M, V. Carter, F. Golet, and E. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. 131pp.

Crosson, P. 1987. Economics of sediment damage and abatement measures. Pages 103-118 in Vladimir Novotny, ed. Proceedings: Political, Institutional and Fiscal Alternatives for Nonpoint Pollution Abatement Programs. Marquette University Press. Milwaukee, WI.

Crouch, G. L. 1982. Wildlife on ungrazed and grazed bottomlands on the south Platte River in northeast Colorado. Pages 186197 in J. M. Peek and P. D. Dalke, eds. Proc. Wildlife - Livestock Relationships Symposium. Univ. Idaho. U.S. For. Serv., For. Wildl. Range Exp. Sta., Moscow. 614pp.

Crouse, M.R. 1989. New approaches to riparian area management on public lands. Pages 179-180 in Practical Approaches to Riparian Resource Management, An Educational workshop. U.S. Bur. Land Manage., Billings, Mont. 193pp.

Crumpacker, D. W. 1981. Effects of livestock grazing on resource values of western riparian ecosystems. A feasibility study. Unpublished proposal to U.S. Bur. Land Manage. from University of Colorado.

Cuplin, P. 1987. A selected annotated riparian bibliography. Tech. Ref. 1737-1, U.W. Bur. Land Manage., Denver, Colo. 66p.

Dahlem, E. A. 1979. The Mahogany creek watershed-with and without grazing. Pages 31-34 in O. B. Cope ed. Proceedings of the forum-grazing and riparian/stream ecosystems. [Nov. 3-4, 1978, Denver, CO]. Trout Unlimited, Vienna, Virginia.

Debyle, N. V. 1979. Potential effects of stable vs. fluctuating elk populations in the aspen ecosystem. Pages 13- 19 in M. S. Boyce and L. D. Hayden-Wing, eds. North American Elk: Ecology, Behavior, and Management. Univ. Wyoming Press, Laramie.

Doran, J. W., F. S. Schepers and N. P. Swanson. 1981. Chemical and bacteriological quality of pasture runoff. J. Soil Water Conserv. 36(3):166-171.

Dorn, R. D. 1970. Moose and cattle food habits in southwest Montana. J. Wildl. Manage. 34:559-564.

Duff, D. A. 1977. Livestock grazing impacts on aquatic habitat in Big Creek, Utah. Pages 129-142 in Proc. of the Workshop on Livestock and Wildlife-Fisheries Relationships in the Great Basin. [May 3-5, Sparks, Nevada]. Special Publication 3301. Agricultural Sciences Publications, Div. Agr. Sci., University of California, Berkeley, California.

Dunford, E. G. 1949. Relations of grazing to runoff and erosion on bunchgrass ranges. Res. Note 7. U.S. For. Serv., Rocky Mount. For. Range Exp. Sta. Fort Collins, Colo. 2pp.

Dusek, G. L. 1975. Range relations of mule deer and cattle in prairie habitats. J. Wildl. Manage. 39:605- 616.

Dwyer, D. D., J. C. Buckhouse, and W. Huey. 1984. Impacts of grazing intensity and specialized grazing systems on the use and value of rangeland. Summary and recommendations. Pages 867-884 in National Research Council, Developing Strategies for Rangeland Management. Westview Press, Boulder, Colo.

Einstien, H. A. 1972. Sedimentation (suspended solids) Pages 309-318 in R. T. Oglesby, C. A. Carlson, and J. A. McCann eds. River Ecology and Man. Academic Press, New York.

Ellis, M. M. 1936. Erosion silt as a factor in aquatic environments. Ecol. 17:29-41.

Eng, R. L. and R. J. Mackie. 1982. Integrating grazing-range management practices with management of major wildlife species on rangeland in northcentral Montana. Proc. Ann. Conf. West. Assoc. Fish Wildl. Agencies 62:112-119.

Ewel, K. C. 1978. Riparian ecosystems: conservation of their unique characteristics. Pages 56-62 in Proc. of Symposium: Strategies for Protection and Management of Floodplain Wetlands and other Riparian Ecosystems. U.S. For. Serv. Washington, D. C.

Fanning, E. J. 1986. Wyoming's approach to nonpoint pollution control. Pages 63-69 in Wyoming water 1986 and Streamside Zone Conference: Wyoming's Water Doesn't Wait While We Debate. Wyoming Water Research Center, Univ. Wyoming, Laramie.

Fredriksen, R. L. 1972. Nutrient budget of a Douglas-fir forest on an experimental watershed in western Oregon. Pages 115-131 in Proc., Research on Coniferous Forest Ecosystems - a Symposium. U.S. For. Serv., Pacific Northwest Forest Range Exp. Sta., Corvallis.

Foster, G. R. and L. D. Meyer. 1977. Soil erosion and sedimentation by water-an overview. Pages 1-13 in Proc. of the National Symposium on Soil Erosion and Sedimentation by Water [Dec. 12-12, 1977, Chicago, Il]. Amer. Soc. Ag. Eng.

Gammon, J. R. 1970. The effect of inorganic sediment on stream biota, EPA Rep. No. 18050 DWC 12/70, U. S. Gov. Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 113pp.

Gary, H. L., S. R. Johnson, S.L. Ponce. 1983. Cattle grazing impacts in surface water quality in a Colorado front range stream. J. Soil Water Conserv. 38:124-128.

Gerhart, W. A. and R. A. Olsen. 1982. Handbook for evaluating the importance of Wyoming's riparian habitat to terrestrial wildlife. Wyoming Game Fish Dept., Cheyenne. 91pp.

Gifford, G. F. 1975. Beneficial and detrimental effects of range improvement practices on runoff and erosion. Pages 216-249 in Proc. Am. Soc. Civil Eng., Watershed Manage. Sym., Utah State Univ., Logan.

Gifford, G. F., and R. H. Hawkins. 1976. Grazing systems and watershed management: a look at the record. J. Soil Water Conserv. 31:281-283.

Gifford, G. F. and R. H. Hawkins. 1978. Hydrologic impact of grazing on infiltration: a critical review. Water Resour. Res. 14:305-313.

Gillen, R. L., W. C. Krueger, and R. F. Miller. 1985. Cattle use of riparian meadows in the Blue Mountains of northeastern Oregon. J. Range Manage. 38:205-209.

Goodman, T., G. B. Donart, H. E. Kiesling, J. L. Holchek, J. P. Neel and D. Manzanares. 1989. Cattle behavior with emphasis on time and activity allocations between upland and riparian habitats. Pages 95- 102 in Practical Approaches to Riparian Resource Management, An Educational Workshop. U.S. Bur. Land Manage., Billings, Mont. 193pp.

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Green, D. M. and J. B. Kauffman. 1989. Nutrient cycling at the land-water interface: the importance of the riparian zone. Pages 61-68 in Practical Approaches to Riparian Resource Management, an Educational Workshop. U.S. Bur. Land Manage., Billings, Mont. 193pp.

Groenveld, D. P., and T. E. Griepentrog. 1985. Interdependence of groundwater, riparian vegetation and streambank stability: a case study. Pages 44-48 in Riparian Ecosystems and their Management: Reconciling Conflicting Uses. [Tucson, AZ, April 16-18, 1985]. U.S. For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rept. RM-120. 523pp.

Gruell, G. E. 1979. Wildlife habitat investigations on the Bridger-Teton National Forest. Pages 63-74 in M. S. Boyce and L. D. Hayden-Wing, eds. North American Elk: Ecology, Behavior, and Management. Univ. Wyoming Press, Laramie.

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Hansen, R. M., R. C. Clark, and W. Lawhorn. 1977. Foods of wild horses, deer, and cattle in the Douglas Mountain area, Colorado. J. Range Manage. 30:116-118.

Hayes, F. A. 1978. Streambank stability and meadow condition in relation to livestock grazing in mountain meadows of central Idaho. M. S. Thesis, Univ. of Idaho, Moscow. 91pp.

Hinckley, D., and R. L. Hansen. 1990. The development of best management practices (BMPS) for livestock grazing on riparian-wetland sites throughout Montana and adjacent states based on site potentials. Science Prospectus. 18pp.

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Kauffman, J. B., W. C. Krueger, and M. Vavra. 1983b. Impacts of cattle on streambanks in Northeastern Oregon. J. Range Manage. 36:683-685.

Kauffman, J. B., and W. C. Krueger. 1984. Livestock impacts on riparian ecosystems and streamside management implications ... a review. J. Range Manage. 37:430-438.

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Leininger, W. C., and M. J. Trlica. 1986. Successional and hydrologic changes following protection from long- term heavy grazing in a northern Colorado riparian zone (abstract). Int. Congr. Ecol. 4:214.

Likens, G. E., and F. H. Bormann. 1974. Linkages between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Bioscience 24:447-456.

Loft, E. R., J. W. Menke, J. G. Kie, and R. C. Bertram. 1987. Influence of cattle stocking rate on the structural profile of deer hiding cover. J. Wildl. Manage. 51:655-664.

Lowrance, R., R. Leonard, and J. Sheridan. 1985. Managing riparian ecosystems to control nonpoint pollution. J. Soil Water Cons. 40:87-91.

Lusby, G. C. 1970. Hydrologic and biotic effects of grazing vs. non-grazing near Grand Junction, Colorado. J. Range Manage. 23:256-260.

Lusby, G. C., V. H. Reid, and O. D. Knipe. 1971. Effects of grazing on the hydrology and biology of the Badger Wash Basin in western Colorado 1956-66. U. S. Geol. Surv. Water Supply Paper 1532-D. 90pp.

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Lyon, L. J. and A. L. Ward. 1982. Elk and land management. Pages 443-477 in J. W. Thomas and D. E. Toweill eds. Elk of North America: Ecology and Management. Stakepole Books, Harrisburg, Penn.

Lyon, L. J. 1985. Elk and cattle on the national forests: a simple question of allocation ... or a complex management problem? West. Wildlands 11:16-19.

MacCracken, J. G., and R. M. Hansen. 1981. Diets of domestic sheep and other large herbivores in southeastern Colorado. J. Range Manage. 34:242-243.

Mackie, R. J. 1970. Range ecology and relations of mule deer, elk, and cattle in the Missouri River breaks, Montana. Wildl. Monogr. 20. 79pp.

Mackie, R. J. 1978. Impacts of livestock grazing on wild ungulates. Trans. No. Am. Wildl. Nat. Resour. Conf. 43:462-476.

Marcuson, P. E. 1969. South Central Montana fishery study: stream sediment investigation. Mont. Fish Game Dept. Rep. F-020-R-12. 9pp.

Marcuson, P. E. 1977a. Overgrazed streambanks depress fishery production in Rock Creek, Montana. Pages 143-157 in Proc. of the Workshop on Livestock and Wildlife-Fisheries Relationships in the Great Basin, Sparks, Nevada. Spec. Pub. 3301. Agricultural Sciences Pub. Div. of Agr. Sci., Univ. of California, Berkeley.

Marcuson, P. E. 1977b. The effect of cattle grazing on brown trout in Rock Creek, Montana. Project no. F-20-R-21-11a. Montana Fish Game Dept., Helena.

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Marlow, C. B., T. M. Pogacnik, and S. D. Quinsey. 1987. Streambank stability and cattle grazing in southwestern Montana. J. Soil Water Conserv. 42:291-296.

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